PolycysticOvarianSyndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It's characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and health issues.

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Symptoms

Menstrual Irregularity: Irregular periods, missed periods, or very heavy periods.
Excess Androgen: Increased levels of male hormones can cause physical signs such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), severe acne, and male-pattern baldness.
Obesity: Many women with PCOS are overweight or obese, which can exacerbate symptom.
Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS, leading to higher insulin levels and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Complications:

Infertility: PCOS is a leading cause of infertility due to irregular ovulation.
Metabolic Issues: Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
Sleep Apnea: Especially common in overweight women with PCOS.
Endometrial Cancer: Irregular periods can lead to a thickened endometrium (lining of the uterus), increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.
Mental Health: Anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem due to physical symptoms and infertility struggles.

Causes:

Abnormal hormones levels resulting in high LH: FSH ratio causes PCOS

Findings

Scan
Unruptured follicles (which contain eggs) appear like a pearl
Chain on USS.

Reasons

Genetie predelition,with diabetic history in family.
Metabolic disorder due to excessive food intake in childhood.

Treatment For infertility Medicines

Clomephene Citrate
Letrozole
Gonadotrophic injections .eg recombinant FSH,urinary FSH
Metformi
Surgery

Laparoscopy drilling for PCOS

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a hormonal disorder where women tend to produce higher than normal level of luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin and the male hormone testosterone. This hormonal imbalance can affect your menstrual cycle and cause fertility problems.

Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling is a surgical procedure performed to regulate your hormone levels and it also improves your ovulation and menstrual cycle providing you better chances to get pregnant. The surgery is performed in women who did not respond to fertility medications.

Procedure:

General anesthesia is given to the patient
The surgeon then makes small incisions in the abdomen at the belly button.
He then places a tube to fill the abdomen with carbon dioxide gas, so that he can insert the laparoscope without making any damage to the internal organs.
The surgeon can insert surgical instruments through the same incision or by making other smaller incisions in the pelvic area.

Authored by Dr. Anitha Mani - Infertility Specialist & Laparoscopy Surgeon

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PolycysticOvarianSyndrome